Beta-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+)

What is Beta-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+)? 

1. Core Definition:
NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is a crucial coenzyme found in all living cells. A coenzyme is a molecule that helps enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions. You can think of NAD+ as a kind of “molecular tool”; without it, many of the most critical processes in the cell could not occur.

2. Chemical Structure:
Its name describes its structure:

• Nicotinamide: Derived from a form of Vitamin B3, it is the active center of reactions.

• Adenine: A base found in DNA and RNA.

• Dinucleotide: Indicates it is composed of two nucleotides linked by phosphate groups.
  The “β-” refers to the stereochemical configuration of the glycosidic bond, which is its natural, active form.

3. Key Role in the Body:
The core function of NAD+ is to participate in redox reactions, that is, transferring electrons between molecules.

• Energy Metabolism: This is the most well-known function of NAD+. In the cell’s “powerhouse” – the mitochondria – NAD+ helps extract energy from the food we consume (glucose, fats, proteins) by converting into its reduced form, NADH, ultimately generating the cell’s primary energy currency – ATP. Without sufficient NAD+, we feel tired and weak.

• Cell Signaling: NAD+ is a substrate for several important classes of enzymes, most notably:

  • Sirtuins: A group of deacetylases known as “longevity proteins.” Sirtuins rely on NAD+ to function. They are involved in regulating gene expression, DNA repair, cellular stress resistance, and inflammation control, playing a central role in delaying aging.

  • PARPs (Poly ADP-ribose polymerases): Primarily used for DNA repair. When DNA is damaged, PARPs consume large amounts of NAD+ to initiate repair mechanisms.

Applications:

Declining NAD+ levels are closely associated with aging and various age-related diseases. Therefore, maintaining or increasing intracellular NAD+ levels is believed to offer a range of health benefits:

1. Enhances Cellular Energy Production: By supporting mitochondrial function and increasing ATP generation, it combats fatigue and boosts vitality.

2. Promotes Healthy Aging and Longevity: By activating sirtuins, NAD+ may help:

   • Repair DNA damage (in synergy with PARPs).

   • Maintain telomere length (the protective caps at chromosome ends).

   • Regulate the circadian rhythm.

   • These mechanisms work together to theoretically slow down the cellular aging process and extend healthspan.

3. Supports Brain Health and Cognitive Function: Neurons are cells highly dependent on energy. NAD+ helps maintain neuronal health and function, potentially offering benefits for improving neurodegenerative diseases (like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s) and enhancing memory and learning ability.

4. Enhances Metabolic Health: NAD+ improves the body’s insulin sensitivity by activating sirtuins (like SIRT1), aiding in the regulation of blood sugar and lipid metabolism, and playing a positive role in preventing obesity, diabetes, and fatty liver disease.

5. Protects the Cardiovascular System: By improving mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress, NAD+ helps maintain vascular elasticity and heart muscle health, supporting heart function.

6. Optimizes Muscle Function and Athletic Performance: Supplementing with NAD+ precursors (like NR) has been shown to improve muscle function, endurance, and strength in older adults and animals.

Fuctions:

It is important to note that direct oral NAD+ supplementation is ineffective because the NAD+ molecule is too large to be efficiently absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract and enter cells. Therefore, the market strategy is to use its precursors, which are the raw materials the body uses to make NAD+.

The use as a raw material is primarily reflected in:

1. Dietary Supplements and Health Products:

   • Precursor Ingredients: NAD+ itself is the target and theoretical basis for the research, development, and production of the following popular supplements. These supplements are the “raw materials” for NAD+:

     • Niacin: A form of Vitamin B3, but high doses can cause a “flushing” side effect.

     • Nicotinamide: Another form of B3, but it can inhibit sirtuin activity.

     • NR (Nicotinamide Riboside): A more efficient precursor, proven by numerous studies to effectively raise NAD+ levels. It is the main ingredient in many high-end health products.

     • NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide): The next product of NR in the body, also effective in raising NAD+ levels, currently one of the hottest anti-aging supplement ingredients.

   • Final Product Forms: These precursors (especially NR and NMN) are made into capsules, tablets, or powders for daily consumer use.

2. Pharmaceutical Research and Development:

   • Researchers are intensively studying the NAD+ metabolic pathway to develop new drugs for treating neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic diseases, and even cancer. For example, drugs aimed at increasing NAD+ levels in specific tissues.

3. Cosmetics and Skincare:

   • Based on the potential of NAD+ in cell repair and anti-aging, some high-end skincare brands have begun adding NAD+ or its precursors (like NR) to products, claiming to activate sirtuins, enhance skin cell repair ability, and reduce wrinkles and signs of aging.

4. Research Reagents:

   • High-purity NAD+ is an essential basic research reagent in biochemistry and cell biology laboratories, used for various enzymatic assays (e.g., dehydrogenase activity assays) and cell culture experiments.

 💎NAD+ COA  generally includes the following test items and standards

Item	Description (Example or Common Requirement)	Notes or Reference
Product Name	Beta-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide	Clearly identifies the product
CAS Number	53-84-9	Unique identifier for the chemical
Grade/Specification	e.g., Reagent Grade, Cosmetic Grade, Food Grade, etc.	Requirements vary for different uses
Date of Manufacture/Expiry	2025-09-17 / 2026-09-16	Ensures the product is within its validity period
Purity	≥98% (HPLC)	Core quality indicator, often determined by HPLC
Appearance	White to off-white powder	Description of physical characteristics
Solubility	Freely soluble in water	Important physical property
Water Content	≤1.0% (Karl Fischer)	High content may affect product stability
Heavy Metals	≤10 ppm (as Pb)	Important safety indicator
Microbial Limits	e.g., TAC ≤1000 cfu/g, absence of E. coli, Salmonella, etc.	Particularly important for cosmetic or food applications
Spectroscopic Identification	e.g., UV-Vis absorption peaks meet standards (~259 nm)	Used for identity confirmation
Specific Impurity Content	e.g., NADH, NADP+, Nicotinamide content below specified limits	Ensures product purity and reduces interference
Storage Conditions	Store at -20°C, protected from light	Conditions to maintain product stability
Test Method Reference	May reference USP, EP, JP pharmacopoeia methods or internally validated methods	Indicates the standardization and reliability of testing

Product name	CAS No.	Purity
RU58841	154992-24-2	99%
4-DMA-7,8-DHF free base	1205548-00-0	99%
7,8-Dihydroxyflavone hydrate	38183-03-8	98%
5-Amino 1-MQ	42464-96-0	98%
9-Me-BC Synonyms: 9-Methyl-9H-beta-carboline	2521/7/5	99%
JBSNF-000088(6-Methoxynicotinamide)	7150-23-4	98%
GTS-21(DMXB-A)	148372-04-7	98%
Huperzine A	120786-18-7	98%
Idebenone	58186-27-9	99%
Ibudilast	50847-11-5	98%
Acetamoren	950841-87-9	99%
Phosphatidylserine(PS)	51446-62-9	30%,50%,70%,90%
Lemairamin(WGX-50)	29946-61-0	98%
Mitoquinone mesylate(Synonyms:MitoQ mesylate;MitoQ10 mesylate)	845959-50-4	99%
Trans-3,5-dimethoxystilbene-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside	50450-35-6	98%
	38967-99-6
Deazaflavin	26908-38-3	98%
3-Methyl-10-ethyl-Deazaflavin(TND-1128)	59997-14-7	98%
1,4-dihydronicotinaMide riboside(NRH)	19132-12-8	98%
Dehydrozingerone	1080-12-2	98%
Acetyl-Zingerone	113465-66-0	98%
Ubiquinol	992-78-9	98%
Cycloastragenol	84605-18-5	90-98%
CMS121  4-(4-(cyclopentyloxy)quinolin-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diol	1353224-53-9	98%
Lithium orotate	5266-20-6	98%
Calcium Orotate	22454-86-0	98%
Spermidine trihydrochloride  98%	334-50-9	98%
Spermidine trihydrochloride 5%	334-50-9	5%
Spermidine	124-20-9	98%
Spermidine(Wheat Germ Extract)	124-20-9	1%,5%,20%
Spermine Tetrahydrochloride	306-67-2	98%%
Salidroside	10338-51-9	98%
ALA	868074-65-1	99%
Synonyms:5-Aminolevulinic acid phosphate
ATP	987-65-5	95%
Synonyms: Adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt
HBT1	489408-02-8	99%
Synonyms:YDL223C
Ketone Ester(R-BHB)	1208313-97-6	98%
OEA	111-58-0	99%
Synonyms: Oleoylethanolamide
ODA  98%	301-02-0	98%
Synonyms: Oleamide
ODA  80-90%	301-02-0	80-90%
Synonyms: Oleamide
NACET Synonyms: N-Acetyl-L-cysteine ethyl ester	59587-09-6	98%
Melatonine	73-314	98%
Memantine Hd	41100-52-1	98%
Phenibut	1078-21-3	98%
5-Butylbenzene-1,3-diol	46113-76-2	98%
5-Heptylresorcinol	500-67-4	98%
Compound 7P	1890208-58-8	98%
ACA	35084-48-1	98%
Synonyms:1-(1-Adamantylcarbonyl) proline
Olivetol Synonyms:3,5-hydroxypentyl benzene)	500-66-3	99%
Calcium Alpha ketoglutarate	402726-78-7/71686-01-6	98%
Alpha ketoglutarate Magnesium	42083-41-0	98%
Calcium 2-Aminoethyl Phosphate	10389-08-9	98%
Copper Nicotinate	30827-46-4	98%
Glucoraphanin	21414-41-5	30%
5a-hydroxy Laxogenin	56786-63-1	99%
Nooglutyl	112193-35-8	99%
Fluorene Myristate	2595050-21-6	98%
Agomelatine	138112-76-2	98%
J-147	1146963-51-0	99%
Noopept	157115-85-0	100%
Synonyms: GVS-111
Galantamine Hydrobromide	1953/4/4	98%
IDRA21	22503-72-6	99%
ISRIB(Trans-isoMer)	1597403-47-8	99%
Trans-Isrib A17	1628478-15-8	99%
Unifiram	272786-64-8	99%
Alpha GPC 99%	28319-77-9	99%
Alpha GPC 50%	28319-77-9	50%
Sulbutiamine	3286-46-2	99%
Coluracetam	135463-81-9	99%
Sunifiram	314728-85-3	100%
Fasoracetam	110958-19-5	99%
Pramiracetam	68497-62-1	99%
Aniracetam	72432-10-1	99%
Nefiracetam	77191-36-7	99%
Oxiracetam	62613-82-5	99%
Piracetam	7491-74-9	99%
CDPC Synonyms:Citicoline	987-78-0	99%
Citicoline Sodium	33818-15-4	99%
PRL-8-53 (Phosphate)		99%
PRL-8-53  (HCL)	51352-87-5	99%
6-Paradol 98%	27113-22-0	98%
6-Paradol 50%	27113-22-0	50%
Glucoraphanin	21414-41-5	30%
Tianeptine acid	66981-73-5	99%
Tianeptine sodium	30123-17-2	99%
THM	1224690-84-9	99%
Synonyms: Tianeptine hemisulfate monohydrate
TEE	66981-77-9	98%
Synonyms:Tianeptine Ethyl Ester
Lauramine Laurate	14792-59-7	98%
N-Methyl-DL-Aspartic Acid	17833-53-3	98%
D-Cycloserine	68-41-7	99%
L-Theanine	34271-54-0	99%
Evodiamine	518-17-2	98%
Calcium Hopantenate Hemihydrate	17097-76-6	98%
NDLP Synonyms: N-Dodecanoyl-L-proline	58725-39-6	98%

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